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The Paideia Proposal is a K–12 educational reform plan proposed by Mortimer Adler. Adler was a prolific author, and references to the ''Paideia'' plan for educational reform can be found in a number of his books listed in the references below. ==The proposal== The Paideia Proposal is a system of liberal education intended for all children, including those who will never attend a university. It was a response to what Adler characterized as the United States' antidemocratic or undemocratic educational system, a holdover from the 19th century, when the understanding of universal suffrage and basic human rights fell short of 20th century expectations. Adler further believed that a system oriented primarily for vocational training has as its objective the training of slaves, not free men, and that the only preparation necessary for vocational work is to learn how to learn, since many skilled jobs would be disappearing. As the Paidea Proposal developed, the original Paideia Group gave way to a National Center for the Paideia Program.〔''Reforming Education'', p. 309〕 That organization, which eventually became the National Paideia Center, formulated a Declaration of Principles. #All children are educable; #Education is never completed in school or higher institutions of learning, but is a lifelong process of maturity for all citizens; #The primary cause of learning is the activity of the child's mind, which is not created by, but only assisted by the teacher; #Multiple types of learning and teaching must be utilized in education, not just teacher lecturing, or telling; #A student's preparation for earning a living is not the primary objective of schooling. Adler stressed that the proposal is much more than just a return to the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. It is not simply a return to the values of classical civilization, but a return to what is of enduring value. It is a democratic proposal intended for the education of all, and not an elitist program as some have alleged. He also believed that individual differences, especially with respect to the natural endowments and natural environments from which children come, must be compensated by remedial or supplementary instruction and preschool tutoring, as needed. He proposed a curriculum framework within which each state or school district could pluralistically vary constituent areas of study. The curriculum of the Paidea Proposal was divided into five broad categories, with the first three being conventionally intellectual. The fourth involved manual skills (not for a vocational purpose, but to acquire the mental agility of learning with one's hands), and the fifth category introduced students to the world of work: #Language, Literature and the Fine Arts; #Mathematics and Natural Science; #History, Geography and Social Studies; #Physical Education (12 years), and Manual Training including cooking, sewing, typing, machine repair (6 years); #A general introduction to the world of work (last 2 years). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paideia Proposal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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